Adaptación cultural y confiabilidad del instrumento Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility al contexto peruano / Cultural adaptation and reliability of the instrument Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility to the Peruvian context

Introducción Para el diagnóstico de hiperlaxitud articular se emplea comúnmente el Test de Beighton que requiere de un profesional para la exploración física. Por su parte, el instrumento es una herramienta autoadministrada que permite identificar de forma temprana la presencia de hiperlaxitud articular. Objetivos Realizar la adaptación cultural y confiabilidad test-retest del instrumento The Five-part questionnaire on hypermobility al contexto peruano, por medio de la traducción al español, adaptación lingüística y verificación de la confiabilidad test--retest en estudiantes de 13 a 17 años y docentes/administrativos de 24 a 60 años. Métodos Se realizó una traducción-retrotraducción con dos traductores, dos retrotraductores y la adaptación lingüística con 10 expertos. Obtenida la versión adaptada del cuestionario, se aplicó un análisis de comprensibilidad a 50 sujetos. Finalmente se estimó la confiabilidad test-retest en dos grupos: en adolescentes de 13 a 17 años y en adultos de 24 a 60 años. Resultados Se obtuvo la versión traducida del cuestionario, el cual pasó por un proceso de adaptación lingüística donde 10 expertos realizaron un análisis de concordancia (Coeficiente V de Aiken = 1) y un análisis de comprensibilidad con una escala de 0 a 10 que obtuvo una media de 10 puntos. Posteriormente, esta versión fue retro traducida y cotejada con el original. En el análisis de confiabilidad, los resultados de la aplicación del test-retest encontraron una confiabilidad alta entre el puntaje total de ambas aplicaciones tanto para el grupo de 65 adultos (Kappa 0,795; intervalo de confianza al 95%: de 0,777 a 0,819) y el de 71 adolescentes (Kappa 0,946; intervalo de confianza al 95%: de 0,908 a 0,982). Conclusiones Se adaptó el instrumento traducido cuestionario corto al contexto cultural de Perú y se encontró alta confiabilidad para los grupos de estudio de 13 a 17 años y de 24 a 60 años. Se recomienda la validación concurrente para considerar su aplicación en clínica y en investigación.

Introduction For the diagnosis of joint hypermobility, the Beighton test is commonly used; this requires a professional for the physical examination. The "Five- part questionnaire on hypermobility" is a self- administered tool that allows early identification of joint hypermobility. Objective To carry out the cultural adaptation and test- retest reliability of the "Five- part questionnaire on hypermobility" to the Peruvian context through translation into spanish, linguistic adaptation, and verification of test- retest reliability in students from 13 to 17 years of age and teachers/ad-ministrators from 24 to 60 years of age. Methods A translation and back- translation were performed with two translators and two back- translators, followed by a linguistic adaptation with ten experts. Once the adapted version of the question-naire was obtained, a comprehensibility analysis was carried out with 50 subjects. Finally, test- retest reliability was estimated in two groups: adolescents aged 13 to 17 and adults aged 24 to 60. Results The translated version of the questionnaire was obtained and underwent a linguistic adaptation process in which ten experts performed a concordance analysis (Aiken's V coefficient = 1), and a comprehensibility analysis with a scale of zero to ten obtained an average of ten points. Subsequently, this version was back- translated and checked against the original. In the reliability analysis, the results of the test- retest application found high reliability between the total score of both applications for both the group of 65 adults (Kappa 0.795; 95% CI: 0.777 to 0.819) and the group of 71 adolescents (Kappa 0.946; 95% CI: 0.908 to 0.982). Conclusions The translated instrument "Five- part questionnaire (5pq) on hypermobility" was adapted to the Peruvian cultural context, and high reliability was found for the study groups 13 to 17 years and 24 to 60 years. Concurrent validation is recommended to consider its application in clinical and research settings.

Autoavaliação de saúde e fatores relacionados ao trabalho dos professores da educação básica no Brasil / Self-rated health and factors related to the work of basic education's teachers in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre a autoavaliação de saúde dos professores e as condições que eles encontram para trabalhar nas escolas da Educação Básica no Brasil. Estudo transversal, realizado entre 2015 e 2016, representativo dos professores da Educação Básica do País, cuja variável desfecho foi a autoavaliação de saúde (AAS). As variáveis explicativas foram as características relacionadas ao trabalho. Para avaliar os fatores associados à AAS foi utilizado o Modelo de Regressão Logística de Chances Proporcionais. A prevalência de AAS ruim foi de 27%. A probabilidade de pior AAS foi significativamente maior para o grupo que informou episódios de violência verbal (OR=1,26; IC95% 1,09-1,44), pressão laboral (OR=1,18; IC95% 1,04-1,33), e deslocamento para escola superior a 50 minutos (OR=1,19; IC95% 1,03-1,38). A probabilidade de pior AAS foi significativamente menor para aqueles que relataram dispor de tempo suficiente para cumprir suas tarefas (OR=0,77; IC95% 0,64-0,92), apoio social (OR=0,79; IC95% 0,69-0,89) e satisfação com o próprio trabalho (OR=0,79; IC95% 0,69-0,91). Ações sobre o ambiente e a organização escolar e melhorias no transporte dos professores para o trabalho são desejáveis.

Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the association between teachers' self-rated health and the conditions in which they work in Basic Education schools in Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study, carried out between 2015 and 2016, representative of Basic Education teachers in the country, the outcome variable of which was self-rated health (SRH). The explanatory variables were the work-related characteristics. To assess the factors associated with SRH, the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression Model was used. The prevalence of poor SRH was 27%. The probability of poor SRH was significantly higher for the group that reported episodes of verbal violence (OR=1.26; 95%CI 1.09-1.44), work pressure (OR=1.18; 95%CI 1, 04-1.33), and a commute to school of more than 50 minutes (OR=1.19; 95%CI 1.03-1.38). The probability of poor SRH was significantly better for those who reported having enough time to complete their tasks (OR=0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.92), social support (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.89) and satisfaction with their workload (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.91). Actions on the school environment and organization and improvements in the transport of teachers to work are desirable.

Design, sensitivity and validity of wrist patient self-evaluation instrument / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To design a patient self-rating wrist scale suitable for Chinese patients, and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:The primary entry pool was established by referring to the existing foreign scales and the opinions of domestic experts. Opinions of 11 hand surgeons and 10 patients with wrist diseases were referred to select better items into the primary scale. During September 2015 to November 2016, 100 inpatients with wrist diseases in the hand surgery department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected by convenient sampling method, and the primary scale was conducted on them. Eight indices including item response rate, item differentiation, item-dimension attribution, variability, responsiveness, overall item attribution, internal consistency and factor loading were summarized. All the 8 indices were evaluated to establish the wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese. Test-retest reliability, Cronbach coefficient, expert score, KMO value, explanatory power, χ 2/df, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and comparative fit index (CFI) were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results:A total of 40 subjective items in the primary entry pool were selected to form the primary scale, including 32 items (A1-D4), and 4 dimensions (physiology, safety, pain and emotion). There were 92 valid scale results in 100 cases. All cases' response rate were over 90%. In terms of item differentiation, only the high grouping score [3.20±0.577 points (range, 1-3 points)] and the low grouping score [2.68±0.627 points (range, 2-5 points)] of item B10 had no statistical significance ( t=5.11, P=0.340). There were 17 items: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, B4, B6, B7, C5, D1, D2, and D3 were considered to be deleted according to the result of item-dimension attribution. A total of 11 items had a variation less than 0.65: A4 (0.645), A7 (0.593), B1 (0.590), B5 (0.617), B8 (0.578), B9 (0.612), B10 (0.526), D1 (0.644), D2 (0.320), D3 (0.169), D4 (0.526). A2, A4, A6, A8, B4, B6, D1, D2, D3, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 did not meet the reactivity requirements. Items with factor loads less than 0.4: D2 (-0.051), D3 (-0.127), and D4 (0.267). C4 (0.026), C5 (0.023), D1 (0.103), D2 (0.434), D3 (0.387), D4 (0.062) did not meet the internal consistency requirements. In multiple linear regression analysis, 19 items were not included in the final regression equation. Based on the above analysis, D1, D2, and D3 were finally deleted and the rest 29 valid items were remained to form the wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese. Reliability and validity of the scale: the test-retest reliability of physiology, safety, pain, emotion dimensions were 0.984, 0.976, 0.985 and 0.802 ( P<0.001), respectively. Except for there was only one item in emotion dimension, the Cronbach coefficients of total score, physiology, safety and pain dimensions were 0.943, 0.973, 0.944 and 0.881, respectively. KMO was 0.894 ( P<0.001). Except for there was only one item in emotion dimension, whose validity could not be evaluated. The χ 2/df, CFI, RMSEA results were as follows, physiology: 5.152, 0.817, 0.022, respectively; safety: 5.378, 0.795, respectively; pain: 7.439, 0.865, 0.028, respectively. Conclusion:The wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese is consisted of 4 dimensions and 29 items. As a subjective wrist self-rating scale suitable for modern Chinese patients, the scale has good reliability and validity, and can be one of the choices of the subjective evaluation for Chinese patients with wrist diseases.

Evaluation and internal analysis of study program: Pharmacology / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#In this article, the self-evaluation and internal analysis of the “Pharmacology” course program at the Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MUPS) are described. The “Pharmacology” curriculum is included in the professional course category in the curriculum of school’s Pharmacy program and includes 48 hours of lectures and 96 hours of seminar content. A total of 1,997 pharmacists have been trained by this curriculum since 2005. The pharmacy program was accredited by the National Council for Educational Accreditation with a rating of 94 percent in 2014 and 100 percent in 2021. This time, the teachers who mainly teach in the program, together with the evaluation specialist, have collected the experience and evaluation results of the “Pharmacology” curriculum in this article. Data was collected by google form and processed by the SURE online tool and used the structure-oriented evaluation (SURE) model.

Negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults: a population-based study / Autopercepção negativa da audição e depressão em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults in Southern Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Idoso 2017/19 study, a population-based cohort of older adults (60+). A total of 1,335 older adults participated in this wave. The dependent variable was self-reported depression, and the main exposure was self-perception of hearing (negative; positive). For both the crude (bivariate) and adjusted analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association and estimated by means of binary logistic regression analysis. The exposure variable was adjusted by sociodemographic and health covariates. A p value < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of negative self-perception of hearing and depression was 26.0% and 21.8%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, the older adults with negative self-perception of hearing were 1.96 times more likely to report depression when compared to the ones with positive self-perception of hearing (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression reflects the importance of reviewing health care actions for older adults, incorporating hearing-related issues, to ensure comprehensive care for this growing segment of the population.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a associação entre a autopercepção negativa da audição e a depressão em idosos do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com dados da terceira onda do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso 2017/19, de coorte de base populacional de idosos (60+). Participaram desta onda 1.335 idosos. A variável dependente foi a depressão autorreferida e a exposição principal foi a autopercepção auditiva (negativa; positiva). Tanto para a análise bruta (bivariada) quanto para a ajustada, a odds ratio (OR) foi utilizada como medida de associação e estimada por meio da análise de Regressão Logística Binária. A variável de exposição foi ajustada pelas covariáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Adotou-se o valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS A prevalência da autopercepção negativa da audição e depressão foi de 26,0% e 21,8%, respectivamente. Na análise ajustada, idosos com autopercepção negativa da audição apresentaram 1,96 vezes mais chance de referirem depressão quando comparados aos idosos com autopercepção positiva da audição (p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO A associação encontrada entre a autopercepção negativa auditiva e a depressão reflete a importância de rever as ações de atenção à saúde do idoso, incorporando questões relacionadas à audição para a garantia da atenção integral a esta parcela crescente da população.

High level of infection prevention and control in surveyed hospitals in Colombia, 2021 / Nivel avanzado de prevención y control de infecciones en hospitales de Colombia en el 2021 / Alto nível de prevenção e controle de infecções em hospitais da Colômbia, 2021

ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to determine the performance of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in eight core components in level 2 and level 3 hospitals across all provinces in Colombia. Methods. This cross-sectional study used self-assessed IPC performance data voluntarily reported by hospitals to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection during 2021. Each of the eight core components of the World Health Organization's checklist in the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework contributes a maximum score of 100, and the overall IPC performance score is the sum of these component scores. IPC performance is graded according to the overall score as inadequate (0-200), basic (201-400), intermediate (401-600) or advanced (601-800). Results. Of the 441 level 2 and level 3 hospitals, 267 (61%) reported their IPC performance. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) overall IPC score was 672 (IQR: 578-715). Of the 267 hospitals reporting, 187 (70%) achieved an advanced level of IPC. The median overall IPC score was significantly higher in private hospitals (690, IQR: 598-725) than in public hospitals (629, IQR: 538-683) (P < 0.001). Among the core components, scores were highest for the category assessing IPC guidelines (median score: 97.5) and lowest for the category assessing workload, staffing and bed occupancy (median score: 70). Median overall IPC scores varied across the provinces (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This countrywide assessment showed that 70% of surveyed hospitals achieved a self-reported advanced level of IPC performance, which reflects progress in building health system resilience. Since only 61% of eligible hospitals participated, an important next step is to ensure the participation of all hospitals in future assessments.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el desempeño de los programas de prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) en relación con ocho componentes básicos en hospitales de nivel 2 y 3 de todas las provincias de Colombia. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se emplearon datos de autoevaluación del desempeño de los programas de PCI informados voluntariamente al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social por parte de los hospitales durante el 2021. Cada uno de los ocho componentes básicos de la lista de verificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud incluidos en el Marco de evaluación de prevención y control de infecciones al nivel de establecimientos de atención de salud recibe una puntuación máxima de 100, y la puntuación general del desempeño del programa es la suma de las puntuaciones de estos componentes. Este desempeño se califica según la puntuación general como inadecuado (0-200), básico (201-400), intermedio (401-600) o avanzado (601-800). Resultados. De los 441 hospitales de nivel 2 y nivel 3, 267 (61%) informaron datos sobre su desempeño. La mediana (rango intercuartil [IQR]) de la puntuación general fue de 672 (IQR: 578-715). De los 267 hospitales que proporcionaron información, 187 (70%) alcanzaron el nivel avanzado. La mediana de la puntuación general fue significativamente mayor en los hospitales privados (690, IQR: 598-725) que en los hospitales públicos (629, IQR: 538-683) (p < 0,001). En el caso de los componentes básicos, las puntuaciones más altas fueron para la categoría que evalúa las directrices de PCI (puntuación mediana: 97,5) y más bajas para la categoría que evalúa la carga de trabajo, la dotación de personal y la ocupación de camas (puntuación mediana: 70). La mediana de las puntuaciones generales de PCI varió entre las provincias (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. Esta evaluación a nivel nacional mostró que el 70% de los hospitales encuestados lograron un nivel avanzado autoinformado del desempeño en cuanto a la PCI, lo que refleja el progreso en fortalecimiento de la resiliencia del sistema de salud. Dado que solo participó el 61% de los hospitales que reunían las condiciones, el siguiente paso importante es garantizar la participación de todos los hospitales en futuras evaluaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o desempenho de programas de prevenção e controle de infecções (PCI) quanto a oito componentes centrais em hospitais secundários e terciários de todas as províncias da Colômbia. Métodos. Este estudo transversal utilizou dados de desempenho autoavaliado de PCI enviados voluntariamente pelos hospitais ao Ministério da Saúde e Proteção Social em 2021. Cada um dos oito componentes centrais da lista de verificação na Estrutura de Avaliação de Prevenção e Controle de Infecções da Organização Mundial da Saúde contribui com uma pontuação máxima de 100. A pontuação total de desempenho de PCI é a soma das pontuações nesses componentes. De acordo com a pontuação total, o desempenho de PCI é classificado nas seguintes categorias: inadequado (0-200), básico (201-400), intermediário (401-600) ou avançado (601-800). Resultados. Dos 441 hospitais secundários e terciários, 267 (61%) informaram o desempenho de PCI. A mediana (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]) da pontuação total de PCI foi 672 (IIQ: 578-715). Dos 267 hospitais que disponibilizaram informações, 187 (70%) alcançaram um nível de PCI avançado. A mediana da pontuação total de PCI foi significativamente maior nos hospitais privados (690, IIQ: 598-725) do que nos públicos (629, IIQ: 538-683) (p < 0,001). Entre os componentes centrais, as pontuações mais altas foram observadas na categoria de avaliação das diretrizes de PCI (pontuação mediana: 97,5), ao passo que as mais baixas ocorreram na categoria de avaliação da carga de trabalho, dotação de pessoal e taxa de ocupação de leitos (pontuação mediana: 70). As medianas das pontuações totais de PCI variaram entre províncias (p < 0,001). Conclusões. Esta avaliação nacional mostrou que 70% dos hospitais pesquisados alcançaram um nível avançado de desempenho autorrelatado de PCI, o que demonstra progresso no desenvolvimento de resiliência no sistema de saúde. Como apenas 61% dos hospitais elegíveis participaram, um próximo passo importante é assegurar a participação de todos os hospitais em futuras avaliações.

Isolated and combined association of excessive screen time and physical inactivity with negative self-rated health in adolescents / Associação isolada e combinada do tempo de tela excessivo e da inatividade física com autopercepção de saúde negativa em adolescentes

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze isolated and combined associations of physical inactivity excessive screen time with negative self-rated health, according to sex, among school adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted with 2,517 adolescents in Amazonas State, participants were asked about their self-rated health with the following question: How do you rate your health? Responses were dichotomized into positive (excellent and good) and negative (regular, bad, and terrible). Information on sex, age group, family income, physical activity, and screen time (watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games) was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Adolescents simultaneously classified as physically inactive (<60 min/day) and having excessive screen time (>2 h/day) were considered to have two risk factors. Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: Out of every 10 adolescents, 2 had a negative self-rated health. After adjusting for age and family income, there were no isolated or combined associations between physical inactivity or excessive screen time and negative self-rated health in girls. In boys, negative self-rated health was associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-5.59) and with the accumulation of two risk factors (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.10-2.34). Conclusions: Being insufficiently active and the combination of physical inactivity and excessive screen time become exposure factors to the negative self-rated health of adolescent boys.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação isolada e combinada do tempo excessivo de tela e inatividade física com a autopercepção negativa de saúde, de acordo com o sexo, em adolescentes estudantes. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em 2.517 adolescentes amazonenses, os quais foram questionados sobre a autopercepção de saúde: "Como você considera a sua saúde?", dicotomizada em positiva (excelente, boa) e negativa (regular, ruim, péssima). Informações sobre sexo, faixa etária, renda familiar, atividade física e tempo excessivo de tela (assistindo TV, usando o computador ou jogando videogame) foram coletadas mediante questionário autoadministrado. Aqueles classificados, simultaneamente, como fisicamente inativos (<60 min/dia) e com tempo excessivo de tela (>2 horas/dia) foram considerados com dois fatores de risco. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a regressão logística binária. Resultados: Dois em cada dez adolescentes apresentaram autopercepção negativa de saúde. Após o ajuste pelas variáveis idade e renda familiar, não foram observadas, no sexo feminino, associações da inatividade física e do tempo excessivo de tela, de maneira isolada ou agrupada, com a autopercepção negativa de saúde. No sexo masculino, a percepção negativa de saúde foi associada com os níveis insuficientes de atividade física (odds ratio — OR: 2,39; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,03-5,59) e com o acúmulo de dois fatores de risco (OR: 1,61; IC95% 1,10-2,34). Conclusões: Ser insuficientemente ativo e associar a inatividade física com tempo excessivo de tela tornam-se fatores de exposição à percepção negativa em saúde de meninos adolescentes.

Is self-perception of oral health associated with expectations of employability?

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that allows a systematic evaluation of the impact of self-perceived oral health on expectations of getting a job on adult population seeking dental care, and to describe its associations with demographic characteristics, job related, and health coverage variables. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study including men and women aged 18 to 65 years from a population seeking dental services in a walk-in clinic. In a first stage we design and validated an instrument on a sample of 100 subjects. The questionnaire was registered in a Likert scale, with higher scores represented higher impact of the oral status self-perception on employability. We calculated internal consistency, construct validity, and domains validation. The final instrument consisted in an 18-item questionnaire (Cronbach α = 0.814), grouped into two domains based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The total variance explained with values >1 was 66 percent, grouping questions into six components. One domain refers to oral health status and importance of dental aesthetics, while the other refers to specific job-seeking elements. In a second stage we applied the questionnaire on 800 participants from the same population of reference. Women, people who intended to change jobs, those younger than 40 years old, having health insurance, and higher educational level showed statistically significant higher scores than their counterparts (p<0.001). We developed a tool that enables evaluating the impact of self-perceived oral health on expectations of getting a job for adults seeking emergency care in a dental clinic.

Software de Biología Molecular como herramienta educativa en el primer año de la carrera demedicina

Introducción: La asignatura Biología Molecular constituye un gran desafío para los estudiantes del primer año de Medicina, pues se imparte en la etapa de adaptación a la Educación Superior. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en confeccionar un software educativo offline de la asignatura Biología Molecular como instrumento de trabajo que permitiera aplicar una nueva estrategia metodológica del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los profesores y estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Medicina. Método: Se programó en HTML y se distribuyó a todos los estudiantes y profesores de la asignatura Biología Molecular del curso 2021. Se aplicó una nueva estrategia metodológica altamente participativa de los estudiantes. Se analizaron los resultados académicos de 279 estudiantes que examinaron en las tres convocatorias de exámenes finales de la asignatura, midiendo y graduando el rendimiento académico obtenido con el empleo del software educativo. Resultados: El software educativo diseñado con apariencia de un sitio Web presenta un menú principal con opciones de presentación, instrucciones, plan calendario, conferencias, guías de estudio para las clases talleres, autoevaluaciones y una biblioteca. Funciona en cualquier dispositivo que posea un navegador de internet. Se alcanzó un elevado rendimiento académico acompañado de una alta calidad del mismo. Conclusiones: El software educativo fue empleado exitosamente por estudiantes y profesores; constituyó la herramienta fundamental para el cambio metodológico aplicado en la impartición de la asignatura y se obtuvo un elevado rendimiento académico por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction: The subject Molecular Biology constitutes a great challenge for the students of the first year of Medicine, since it is taught in the stage of adaptation to Higher Education. The objective of this research was to develop an educational software for the subject of Molecular Biology as a working tool that would allow the application of a new methodological strategy for the teaching-learning process of teachers and students of the first year of Medicine. Method: The educational software was programmed in HTML and distributed to all students and teachers of the subject Molecular Biology of the 2021 course. A new methodological highly participative strategy of students was applied. The academic results of 279 students who took the three final exams of the course were analyzed, measuring and grading the academic performance obtained with the use of the educational software. Results: The educational software designed to look like a website presents a main menu with presentation options, instructions, calendar plan, lectures, study guides for classes, workshops, self-evaluations and a library. It works on any device with a web browser. High academic performance accompanied by high academic quality was achieved. Conclusions: The educational software was successfully employed by students and teachers, which was fundamental for the methodological change applied in the teaching of the subject with a high academic performance.

Software educativo de Metabolismo-Nutrición para el proceso docente del primer año de medicina en la facultad "Victoria de Girón"

Introducción: La asignatura Metabolismo-Nutrición es una asignatura que los estudiantes del primer año de Medicina asimilan con mayor facilidad que su predecesora Biología Molecular. Esto se debe al intenso entrenamiento en esta última y al haber pasado la adaptación del primer periodo. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en confeccionar un software educativo offline de la asignatura de Metabolismo-Nutrición como instrumento de trabajo que permitiera continuar aplicando otra nueva estrategia metodológica del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los profesores y estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Medicina, basada en las esencialidades de los procesos metabólicos a estudiar en la misma. Materiales y métodos: El software educativo se programó en HTML y se distribuyó a todos los estudiantes y profesores de la asignatura Metabolismo-Nutrición del curso 2021. Se aplicó una nueva estrategia metodológica altamente participativa de los estudiantes y se implementó un algoritmo como estrategia metodológica de las "invariantes para el estudio de una vía o proceso metabólico". Se analizaron los resultados académicos de 227 estudiantes que examinaron en las tres convocatorias de exámenes finales de la asignatura, midiendo y graduando el rendimiento académico obtenido con el empleo del software educativo. Resultados: El software educativo diseñado con apariencia a un sitio web presenta un menú principal con opciones de presentación, orientaciones, plan calendario, trabajo extraclase, conferencias, guías de estudio para las clases talleres, autoevaluaciones y una biblioteca. Funciona en cualquier dispositivo que posea un navegador de internet. Se alcanzó un elevado rendimiento académico acompañado de una alta calidad del mismo. Conclusiones: El software educativo fue empleado exitosamente por estudiantes y profesores, lo que fue fundamental para el cambio metodológico aplicado en la impartición de la asignatura con un elevado rendimiento académico.

Introduction: Metabolism-Nutrition is a subject that first-year medical students assimilate more easily than its predecessor Molecular Biology. This is due to the intense training in the latter and to having passed the adaptation of the first period. The objective of this research was to develop an offline educational software for the Metabolism-Nutrition subject as a working tool that would allow the continued application of another new methodological strategy for the teaching-learning process of teachers and students in the first year of the Medicine course, based on the essential aspects of the metabolic processes to be studied. Materials and methods: The educational software was programmed in HTML and distributed to all students and teachers of the Metabolism-Nutrition course of the 2021 course. A new highly participative methodological strategy was applied to the students and an algorithm was implemented as a methodological strategy of the "invariants for the study of a metabolic pathway or process". The academic results of 227 students who examined in the three final exams of the subject were analyzed, measuring and grading the academic performance obtained with the use of the educational software. Results: The educational software designed with the appearance of a website presents a main menu with presentation options, orientations, calendar plan, extra-class work, conferences, study guides for the classes, workshops, self-evaluations and a library. It works on any device with a web browser. High academic performance accompanied by high academic quality was achieved. Conclusions: The educational software which was fundamental for the methodological change applied in the teaching of the subject was successfully employed by students and teachers, with a high academic performance.

Sinais e sintomas vocais em professores universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Vocal signs and symptoms in university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic / Signos y síntomas vocales en profesores universitarios durante la pandemia del COVID-19

Introdução: Os professores utilizam a voz como instrumento de trabalho. Neste momento de pandemia da COVID-19, aumentaram os desafios das demandas vocais. Objetivo: Analisar os sinais e os sintomas vocais presentes em professores universitários durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19, o qual exigiu a realização de aulas e reuniões online. Método: A amostra foi composta por 664 professores universitários, de todas as áreas de conhecimento, sendo 366 do sexo feminino e 298 do masculino. Foi aplicado um formulário online que incluiu o Questionário de Sinais e Sintomas Vocais e o preenchimento de dados relativos a sexo biológico, universidade e departamento ao qual está vinculado. Foi realizada a associação de sinais e sintomas por meio de análise fatorial e foram comparados os sintomas vocais às variáveis sexo e área de conhecimento por meio do teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Os sinais e os sintomas mais frequentes foram garganta seca, dificuldade para cantar agudo e cansaço vocal. 29,1% dos docentes apresentaram no mínimo 5 sintomas vocais. Houve significância estatística na relação de sexo com os sintomas de dificuldade para cantar agudo, garganta seca e dor na garganta. O sintoma de cansaço vocal foi significativamente correlacionado com as áreas de conhecimento Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Biológicas. Conclusão: Os professores universitários autorreferiram sintomas vocais físicos e funcionais durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19, havendo uma prevalência na sensação de garganta seca e dificuldade para cantar agudo.

Introduction: Teachers use their voice as a work tool. At this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges of vocal demands have increased. Objective: To analyze the vocal signs and symptoms present in university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic period, which required online classes and meetings. Method: The sample consisted of 664 university professors, from all areas of knowledge, 366 of whom were female and 298 of whom were male. An online form was applied that included the Questionnaire of Vocal Signs and Symptoms and the filling in of data related to biological sex, university, and department to which each subject is linked. The association of signs and symptoms was carried out through factor analysis and the vocal symptoms were compared to the variables gender and area of knowledge using the chi-square test. Results: The most frequent signs and symptoms were dry throat, difficulty in high-pitched singing, and vocal tiredness. 29.1% of the teachers had at least 5 vocal symptoms. There was statistical significance with sex in relation to the symptoms of difficulty in high-pitched singing, dry throat, and sore throat. The symptom of vocal tiredness was significantly correlated with the areas of knowledge Health Sciences and Biological Sciences. Conclusion: University professors self-reported physical and functional vocal symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic period, with a prevalence of dry throat sensation and difficulty in high-pitched singing.

Introducción: Los profesores utilizan la voz como instrumento de trabajo. En estos momentos de pandemia por el COVID-19, aumentaron los desafíos y las demandas vocales. Objetivo: Analizar los signos y síntomas vocales presentes en profesores universitarios durante el período de la pandemia COVID-19, que requirieron hacer clases y reuniones virtuales. Método: La muestra fue compuesta por 664 profesores de todas las áreas de conocimiento, siendo 366 del género femenino y 298 del masculino. Fue aplicado una encuesta virtual que incluyó el Examen de Signos y Síntomas Vocales, así como también datos relacionados con el sexo biológico, universidad y programa académico vinculado. La asociación de signos y síntomas se realizó mediante análisis factorial y los síntomas vocales se compararon con las variables de género y área de conocimiento mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueros garganta seca, dificultad para cantar agudos y fatiga vocal. 29,1% de los profesores presentaron por lo menos 5 síntomas vocales. Hubo significancia estadística en la relación entre el sexo y los síntomas de dificultad para cantar agudos, garganta seca y dolor de garganta. El síntoma de fatiga vocal tuvo correlación significativa con las áreas de conocimiento de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Biológicas. Conclusión: Los profesores universitarios auto relataron síntomas vocales físicos y funcionales durante el período de la pandemia del COVID-19, siendo predominante la sensación de garganta seca y la dificultad para cantar agudos.

Peer relationship and depression symptoms in adolescents: the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and social withdrawal / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of core self-evaluation and social withdrawal on the relationship between peer relationship and depression symptoms of adolescents.Methods:From September 2020 to October 2020, a sample of 1 936 students from grade 4 to grade 9 of different schools completed a cross-section questionnaire survey including the inventory of parent and peer attachment, core self-evaluation scale, child social preference scale-R and depression self-rating scale for children.SPSS 21.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro program were used for data statistics.The statistical methods included analysis of variance, correlation analysis and intermediary effect test.Results:(1) Peer relationship (94.78±17.27) was positively correlated with core self-evaluation (34.14±7.52) ( r=0.50, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with depression (12.21±6.02) and social withdrawal (32.34±11.45) ( r=-0.55, -0.58, both P<0.01). Core self-evaluation was negatively associated with social withdrawal and depression symptoms ( r=-0.48, -0.67, both P<0.01), while social withdrawal and depression was positively correlated ( r=0.54, P<0.01). (2) Peer relationship had a significant direct effect on depression symptoms (the effect value=-0.205, P<0.01). Core self-evaluation and social withdrawal respectively separate mediated the effect of peer relationship on depression symptoms (the effect value=-0.231, -0.088, 95% CI=-0.261--0.202, -0.110--0.068), while the chain mediating effect of the two was significant, and the effect value was -0.025(95% CI=-0.033--0.019). Conclusion:Good peer relationship can lead to higher core self-evaluation and less social withdrawal behaviors in adolescents that serves as buffer from depression.

Application of thinking visual guidance teaching model in anesthesia clinical practice teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To analyze the application of thinking visual guidance teaching model in anesthesia clinical practice teaching.Methods:Taking the implementation time (March 2019) of thinking visual guidance teaching model in our hospital as the limit, 56 interns who came to our hospital for anesthesia practice before the implementation were included as control group, and 61 interns enrolled after the implementation (from March 2019 to March 2020) were included in study group. The mastery status of professional skills (duration of anesthesia operation, success rate of one-time anesthesia puncture and success rate of one - time tracheal intubation), professional knowledge assessment results and professional attitude changes were compared between the two groups at 2 months and 6 months of training. Self-evaluation after 6 months of training was compared between the two groups. SPSS 18.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After 6 months of training, the mastery status of professional skills (duration of anesthesia operation, success rate of one-time anesthesia puncture, and success rate of one-time tracheal intubation) of the two groups of interns were significantly improved compared with those after 2 months of training, and the above indicators of study group were significantly better than those of control group (all P<0.05). After 6 months of training, the scores of assessment results of professional knowledge (basic knowledge, understanding and memory, case analysis, emergency handling) and professional attitude (behavior, language, initiative and adaptability) in the two groups of interns were significantly higher than those after 2 months of training, and the above indicators scores of study group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). The scores of self-evaluation (learning efficiency, learning atmosphere, learning ability, self-confidence and satisfaction) of study group at 6 months of training were significantly higher than those of control group at the same period (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Thinking visual guidance teaching model can effectively improve the professional knowledge and operation skills of anesthesia clinical interns, and it has a good application effect.

Self-assessed masticatory function and frailty in Brazilian older adults: the FIBRA Study

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To investigate the relationship between the masticatory function and the frailty of older people. METHODS Exploratory cross-sectional study using secondary data from the FIBRA Project on the frailty conditions of older people living in urban areas of six Brazilian municipalities, from 2008 to 2009. The population consisted of older adults aged 65 and over with no cognitive impairment. A single session identification questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were applied, followed by collecting sociodemographic data and data on the participants' self-assessment of masticatory function, general health, and oral health. RESULTS 2,341 older people (164 frail older adults), of whom 63.2% reported not having seen a dentist in the last year, and approximately 26% of them had three or more functional feeding problems. Older participants (OR = 2.88; 95%CI: 2.01-4.13), who are retired (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.18-5.53), those who were depressed (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.58-3.38), and those who self-assessed their general health as worse compared to others of the same age (OR = 3.91; 95%CI: 2.39-6.40) were at higher risk of frailty. Three or more problems related to the functional aspects of mastication were associated with a greater chance of frailty (OR = 2.06; 95%CI: 1.25-3.41). CONCLUSION This study found an association between masticatory function and a greater chance of frailty among the studied population.

Fadiga vocal e fatores associados em professores universitários em ensino remoto / Vocal fatigue and associated factors in university teachers in remote education

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a autopercepção da fadiga vocal e fatores associados em professores universitários em ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e analítico, com abordagem quantitativa com professores universitários em ensino remoto no período da pandemia de COVID-19. Os participantes, após o aceite, responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Sinais e Sintomas Vocais, Protocolo Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) e Protocolo Índice de Desvantagem Vocal 10 (IDF-10). A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. As associações entre as variáveis qualitativas foram verificadas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Já as médias do IFV e IDV-10, foram comparadas com o número de sinais e sintomas por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Amostra de 91 professores, maioria do gênero feminino (83,5%) e média de idade de 44,0 anos. Os professores apresentaram média de 3,8 sinais e sintomas e o escore total do IFV indicou a presença de risco para fadiga vocal, com valores compatíveis para indivíduos disfônicos. Não apresentaram desvantagem vocal. Conclusão Os professores universitários em ensino remoto se autoavaliaram apresentando risco para fadiga vocal. Entre os fatores associados ao IFV, os docentes que apresentaram mais de dois sinais e sintomas vocais tiveram maior sensação de fadiga vocal. Não foi observada autopercepção de desvantagem vocal, porém, aqueles que apresentaram mais de dois sinais e sintomas vocais tiveram pior autopercepção para desvantagem vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the self-perception of vocal fatigue and associated factors in university professors in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study, with a remote approach with university professors in teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. After acceptance, the participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Vocal Signs and Symptoms Questionnaire, Vocal Fatigue Index Protocol and Vocal Handicap Index 10. The analysis of the data identified through descriptive and initial statistics, using the given Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Associations between qualitative variables were verified using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The IFV and IDV-10 means were verified with the number of signs and symptoms using the Mann-Whiney test. Results Sample of 91 teachers, mostly female (83.5%), and mean age of 44.0 years. Teachers had an average of 3.8 signs and symptoms and the total core of the IFV indicated the presence of vocal risk, with values considered for dysphonic subjects. Teachers don't want vocals. Conclusion University professors in remote teaching self-assessed being at risk for vocal fatigue. Among the factors associated with IFV, professors who presented more than two vocal signs and symptoms had a greater sensation of vocal fatigue. No self-perception of voice handicap was observed, however, those who had more than two vocal signs and symptoms had worse self-perception of voice handicap.

Psychometric Evidence for the Lipp' Adult Stress Symptoms Inventory / Evidências psicométricas do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp / Evidencia psicométrica del Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés en Adultos de Lipp

Abstract Although stress assessment is important in different health areas, there are few instruments with adequate psychometric evidence to assess it. The study aimed to present new validity evidence of Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (LSSI), describe and discuss clinical characteristics of the LSSI with data obtained from patients seen in a hospital outpatient clinic and a Psychosocial Care Center (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS). Sampling was based on post-stratification via the Raking method. In total, 4,500 participants from all over Brazil of both sexes, different age groups and academic levels composed the study. The results via Item Response Theory indicated a structure with high internal consistency. Symptoms of apathy, depression or prolonged anger were the most associated with stress and women scored higher. There was a significant correlation between the LSSI-R and another mental health measure (DASS-21) in the clinical group.

Resumo Apesar da avaliação do estresse ser importante em diferentes áreas da saúde, há um escasso número de instrumentos com adequadas evidências psicométricas para avaliá-lo. O estudo teve como objetivo apresentar novas evidências de validade do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), descrever e discutir características clínicas do ISSL com dados obtidos por pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório hospitalar e um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). A amostragem baseou-se em pós-estratificação via método Raking. No total, 4.500 participantes de todo o Brasil de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias e níveis acadêmicos compuseram o estudo. Os resultados via Teoria de Resposta ao Item indicaram uma estrutura com alta consistência interna. Sintomas de apatia, depressão ou raiva prolongada foram os mais associados ao estresse e mulheres tiveram resultados mais altos. Houve uma correlação significativa entre o ISSL-R e outra medida de saúde mental (DASS-21) no grupo clínico.

Resumen A pesar de la evaluación del estrés es importante en diferentes áreas de la salud, existe un número reducido de instrumentos con evidencia psicométrica adecuada para evaluarlo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar nuevas evidencias de la validez del Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés de Lipp para Adultos (ISSL) describir y discutir las características clínicas del ISSL con datos obtenidos de pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS). El muestreo se basó en la estratificación posterior mediante el método Raking. 4500 participantes de todo Brasil de ambos sexos, diferentes grupos de edad y niveles académicos integraron el estudio. La Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem indicaron una estructura con alta consistencia interna. Los síntomas de apatía, depresión ira prolongada fueron los más asociados con el estrés y las mujeres puntuaron más alto. Hubo una correlación significativa entre el ISSL-R y otra medida (DASS-21) en el grupo clínico.

Fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa de saúde entre professores da educação básica / Factors associated with negative self-assessed health among school teachers / Factores asociados con la autoevaluación negativa de la salud de los profesores de educación básica

A autoavaliação da saúde tem sido utilizada como ferramenta de medida da saúde de indivíduos e grupos populacionais, especialmente por sua relativa facilidade de aplicação. Buscou-se investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa de saúde entre professores da educação básica. Elaborou-se um estudo transversal, conduzido em uma amostra probabilística de professores em atividade em escolas estaduais de um município de médio porte do Sudeste brasileiro. A variável dependente foi obtida por meio da questão: "como você classificaria seu estado de saúde atualmente?". As opções de respostas foram agrupadas em autoavaliação positiva (excelente e bom) e negativa (regular, ruim e muito ruim). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, em modelos bivariados e multivariados. A prevalência de autoavaliação negativa de saúde foi de 32,9% (IC 95%=28,8-37,4). No modelo final ajustado, permaneceram associadas à autoavaliação negativa da saúde: superlotação das turmas, insatisfação com o trabalho, sedentarismo, obesidade, relatos de doenças crônicas e de uma ou mais queixas vocais. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de intervenções tanto individuais, por meio de programas de promoção da saúde dos professores, quanto organizacionais, que visem a proteção da saúde dessa categoria profissional.

Self-assessment of health has been used as a measuring tool by individuals and population groups, especially for its relative ease of application. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of negative self-assessed health and associated factors among schoolteachers. A cross-sectional research was conducted with a probabilistic sample of state schoolteachers from a medium-sized municipality in southeastern Brazil. Response variable was collected via the question "How would you rate your current health status?", and the response options were grouped into positive (excellent, good) and negative (regular, bad, very bad) self-assessment. Data analysis was performed using Poisson's regression with robust variance, in bivariate and multivariate models. Negative self-assessed health showed a prevalence of 32.9% (95% CI = 28.8-37.4). After adjustment, overcrowded classes, job dissatisfaction, physical inactivity, obesity, reports of chronic illnesses, and at least one vocal complaint remained factors associated with negative self-assessment. Results indicate the need for both individual interventions, such as teacher health promotion programs, and organizational improvements to protect the health of schoolteachers.

La autoevaluación de la salud se ha utilizado como una herramienta de medida de la salud de individuos y grupos de población, especialmente por su relativa facilidad de aplicación. Se pretendió investigar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la autoevaluación negativa de la salud entre los profesores de educación básica. Este es un estudio transversal realizado sobre una muestra probabilística de profesores que laboran en escuelas públicas de un municipio de tamaño mediano del Sudeste de Brasil. Las respuestas se obtuvieron basadas en la pregunta: "¿Cómo calificaría su estado de salud hoy?". Las opciones de respuesta se agruparon en autoevaluación positiva (excelente, buena) y negativa (regular, mala, muy mala). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, en modelos bivariados y multivariados. La prevalencia de autoevaluación negativa de la salud fue del 32,9% (IC 95%=28,8-37,4). En el modelo final ajustado, los siguientes ítems permanecieron asociados con una autoevaluación negativa de la salud: hacinamiento de clases, insatisfacción laboral, inactividad física, obesidad, informes de enfermedades crónicas y una o más quejas vocales. Los resultados indican la necesidad de intervenciones tanto individuales, por medio de programas de promoción de la salud docente, como organizacionales, dirigidas a proteger la salud de esta categoría profesional.

"I Drive Well, the Problem is the Other Driver": A Study About the Self-Assessment of the Ability to Drive / "Yo Conduzco Bien, el Problema es el Otro": Un Estudio Sobre la Autoevaluación de la Capacidad de Conducir

Abstract This study aims to verify the self-evaluation that people make about their ability to drive and investigate whether there is a difference between self-evaluation and evaluation about their friends' abilities. To this end, 151 people answered three different questionnaires, one questionnaire about driving abilities (self-evaluation and evaluation of friends), the Driver's Behavior Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire The sample consisted of 50.3% of males with a mean age of 25.32 years (SD = 1.66). As a result, self-evaluation was positively correlated with age, evaluation of friend, weekly driving hours, Common Violations, and Aggressive Violations. In addition, there was significant difference between evaluation by sex: males carry out self-assessments in a more positive way. It was also found that people evaluate themselves better than they evaluate their friends. From this research, it is possible to think the target audience that would most benefit from an intervention to reduce self-evaluation, that is, men, people over 24 years old, and people who have more driving experience.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo verificar la autoevaluación que las personas hacen sobre su capacidad para conducir y si hay diferencia entre la autoevaluación y la evaluación de las habilidades de sus amigos. Fueron aplicados tres instrumentos, un cuestionario sobre habilidades de conducción (autoevaluación y evaluación de amigos), el Driver's Behavior Questionnaire y un cuestonario sociodemográfico. Participaron 151 personas (50.3% hombres) con una edad media de 25.32 años (DE=1.66). Hubo una correlación positiva entre la autoevaluación y la edad; evaluación de amigos; horas semanales de conducción; violaciones ordinarias y violaciones agresivas. Además, hubo una diferencia significativa entre la evaluación por sexo: los hombres realizan autoevaluaciones de una manera más positiva. También se descubrió que las personas evalúan mejor a sí mismas de lo que evalúan a sus amigos. Así, es posible pensar en el público que se beneficiaría más de una intervención para reducir la autoevaluación: hombres, personas mayores de 24 años y personas que tienen más experiencia de conducción.

Autoavaliação negativa associada ao estado objetivo da saúde e à qualidade de vida em adultos / Negative self-assessment associated with objective health status and quality of life in adults

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde e os fatores a ela associados em adultos. Para tanto, realizou-se um inquérito com adultos de 18 a 59 anos, das zonas urbana e rural do município de Rio Branco, Acre, no ano de 2014. Os possíveis fatores relacionados a tal autoavaliação foram verificados por regressão logística múltipla. A prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde foi de 12,1%, estando associada a idade, estresse (OR: 1,87; IC 95%: 1,04-3,38), uso de medicamentos (OR: 2,23; IC 95%: 1,19-4,20) e autorrelato de insônia (OR: 2,33; IC 95%: 1,20-4,53) ou depressão (OR: 2,03; IC 95%: 1,02-4,04). A lipoproteína de baixa densidade também esteve associada, bem como o tercil inferior dos domínios físico e psicológico da qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a autoavaliação de saúde refletiu as condições físicas e psicológicas e constitui uma medida do estado global de saúde do indivíduo.

The prevalence of negative self-rated health and associated factors in adults are estimated. A survey was conducted with adults aged 18 to 59 years, from urban and rural areas in the municipality of Rio Branco AC Brazil, in 2014. The possible factors associated with self-evaluation were verified by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of negative self-rated health was 12.1%, associated with age, stress (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04-3.38), use of medicine (OR: 2, 23; 95% CI: 1.19-4.20) and self-reported insomnia (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.20-4.53) or depression (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.02-4.04). Low-density lipoprotein and the lower tercile of the physical and psychological domains of life quality were also associated. Results show that self-rated health reflected physical and psychological conditions and actually assessed the individual's overall health status.

Procedimiento de autoevaluación de la calidad del pregrado de Genética Médica / A quality self-evaluation procedure for undergraduate of Medical Genetics

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las universidades inciden directamente en el desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones. Para cumplir este reto, necesitan gestionar su calidad, y así apoyar a la formación de profesionales competentes, que se adapten a los dinámicos entornos laborales. Objetivo: Implementar un procedimiento de autoevaluación de la calidad del proceso docente-educativo, en el pregrado de Genética Médica, para contribuir a la mejora de su desempeño. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, en la asignatura Genética Médica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Allende", curso 2018-2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, el histórico-lógico y el inductivo-deductivo. Se empleó la observación, la revisión de documentos, las encuestas, las entrevistas y la tormenta de ideas. Se propuso un procedimiento estructurado en las etapas del ciclo de Deming. Resultados: Se diagnosticó el desempeño del proceso, obteniéndose un 63 % de cumplimiento. Se ejecutó un análisis causa-efecto. Se confeccionó un programa de mejora de la calidad. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un procedimiento para autoevaluar la calidad del pregrado de Genética Médica; su aplicación posibilitó la elaboración de un programa, con acciones encaminadas a mitigar las causas de los problemas analizados, y así coadyuvar a la mejora del desempeño del proceso.

ABSTRACT Background: Universities directly influence on the socioeconomic development of nations. To reach this goal, they need to manage their quality, thus support the training of competent professionals, who adapt to dynamic work environments. Objective: To implement a quality self-assessment program of the educational teaching process, in the undergraduate of Medical Genetics, to contribute to their performance´s improvement. Methodology: A descriptive investigation was conducted in the Medical Genetics subject, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Salvador Allende", 2018-2019 academic course. Theoretical, logical historical and inductive deductive methods were used. Observation, document review, surveys, interviews, and brainstorming were also used. A structured program was suggested in the stages of the Deming cycle. Results: The process´s performance was diagnosed, obtaining 63 % compliance. A cause-effect analysis was done. A quality improvement program was developed. Conclusions: A quality self-assessment program was designed in the undergraduate degree in Medical Genetics; Its application made possible the development of some actions aimed at mitigating the causes of the considered problems, thus contributing to the improvement of the process´s performance.